Cardiac Muscle Cells

Cardiac muscle tissue builds infarction, middle and most important layer of the heart wall. The basic unit of tissue is a fiber that is called “cardiac cells”. But the functional heart muscle is completely different from skeletal. Cardiac cells are at the ends connected to one another. They branch out, forming elongated shoots that are still associated with neighboring cells.
Cardiac muscle cells are mutually connected in a characteristic manner and to provide transitional plate (intercalated discs). Desmosoms mechanically connect the muscle cells and prevent their separation in regular contraction, while the tight connections allow continuous flow of ions. Thus, the signal for contraction in spreads like a wave from cell to cell. Cardiac muscle is also composed of densely compacted bundles of cells. Typically one cell contains a centrally located nucleus. This described cardiac cells form a working heart muscles.
There is also conductive muscles, and is located in a specific region of the heart. Their task is to create and conduct impulses to the working muscle cells. Such cells have less myofibril. The first area of ​​conductive muscle makes SA node (nodus sinusatrialis) in which cells have the task of creating rhythmic impulse (pacemaker). On the border of atria and ventricle of another node, AV node (nodus atrioventricularis). Apart from these limited accumulation of cells there are bundles of fibers that provide the path of transmission of stimuli arising in the working muscle cells atria and ventricles (His beam and left and right branches). According to that the impulse conduction in muscle cells occurs spontaneously and from the SA node (the heart healthy) cells are transferred to the working cardiac muscles.

Intercalated discs

Intercalated discs  are discs that contain inter-cellular junctions that link adjacent cells both electrically and mechanically. They help to hold adjacent cells together and transmit the force of contraction from cell to cell. The function of intercalated discs in short formula is that intercalated discs allow for quick transmission of the action potential so the entire chamber can contract as one unit. The intercalated discs have two important functions: one is to keep the myocytes together so that they do not pull apart when the heart contracts and to allow an electrical connection between the cardiac cells, which is vital to the function of the heart as a whole. This makes it possible for muscle impulses to travel rapidly from cardiac cell to cell.

Mycoyte

They are the specialized striated muscle tissue of the heart, apart from myocardium. Cardiac myocytes are narrower and much shorter than skeletal muscle cells, being about 0.02 mm wide and 0.1 mm long, and are more rectangular than smooth muscle cells, which are normally spindle-shaped.

Myocardium

They are the middle and thickest layer of the heart wall, composed of cardiac muscle.

Cardiac cell

In next few articles we will focus more on cardiac cells and their heart function to the deepest layers.
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